Chemical Bonds (Reactions)

 Hello, I’m back. Today is really tired because I have so many works to finish... But even I am tired; I am still going to post my works.

 Today, I am going to post about Chemical Bonds

 Chemical reactions happen around us all the time. This happens when plants photosynthesis to change energy from sun in to food, while cooking foods, and burning fuels.

 Chemical reaction is a process when one or more substances are changed in to other substances.

 photosynthesis

   I will review what atom is first. (It's the first post I published). Atom is made up of nucleus and electrons. Nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. As it sounds like, protons have positive charge and neutrons have no charge. Around the nucleus, there are different numbers of shells depending on the elements. These shells are the track for the electrons. There 2 electrons on the first shell, and 8 electrons from next. Electrons orbit the nucleus really fast. So the people call the form of orbiting cloud since it looks like a cloud.

atom

We call the electrons on the outer shell Valence electrons. Valence electrons are electrons that can be shared with the other atoms. These valence electrons can be 1, 8 or between those numbers.

valence shell

If the atom holds full shell on the outer shell, we call it is “stable”. When the outer shell is not full, which means there are no 8 electrons on the outer shell, we call it “unstable”.

When there are unstable atoms, atoms try to gain, loose or share.

Ionic bond is when metallic positive ion and non-metallic ion bonds by electrostatic attraction. Electrostatic attraction is a force that draws two elements together. For example, there is NaCl. This is compound of sodium and chlorine. Sodium has 11 electrons, and chlorine has 17 electrons. This tells that sodium has 1 electron at the outer shell, and chlorine has 7 at the outer shell. Try to be stable, these elements will lose, gain or share the electrons, but since they are ionic bond, they will lose and gain the electrons. Sodium will give 1 electron and be + charged. Then, chlorine will gain one electron that sodium gave. So, chlorine will have 8 electrons at the outer shell which is stable. 

ionic bond

 Covalent bond is a combination of non-metal elements sharing electrons. Different with ionic bonds, covalent bonds can have simple substance and compounds. For example, H2 is a covalent bond. Each of the hydrogen share 1 electron. By adding 1 more electron, it makes outer shell full, which has 2 electrons. The other example of covalent bond compound is water, H2O. H2O Is combination of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen. Oxygen has 6 electrons on the outer shell, and hydrogen has 1 electron at the outer shell. To be stable, oxygen needs 2 more electrons, but Hydrogen can only share 1 electron because hydrogen only have 1 electron at the outer shell. So to make 2 electrons, oxygen combines with 2 hydrogen which can add 2 more electrons, By sharing 1 electrons each with oxygen and hydrogen, it makes 2 hydrogen and an oxygen have full shells. 

H2O

Done! Did you learned A LOT? I hope you did, So...I will post next topic by next week! Come and read it again please! Bye~